/* Illustrated research and a growing personal library. Homepage is untouched. */
.icon-definitions { position: absolute; overflow: hidden; pointer-events: none; }
.ui-icon { display: inline-block; width: 22px; height: 22px; flex-shrink: 0; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.5; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; vertical-align: middle; }
#research, #writing { --accent: #263d70; --accent-paper: #e1e5ec; --gold: #9a7538; }
#research img, #writing img { max-width: 100%; }
#research .research-intro { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px 56px; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 52px; }
#research .research-intro > div { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
#research .research-intro .page-title { margin-top: 24px; font-size: clamp(4rem, 7.5vw, 7rem); }
#research .research-intro .page-description { max-width: 37ch; margin-top: 28px; }
#research .research-intro-art { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / 3; width: 100%; max-width: 520px; margin: 0; justify-self: center; }
#research .research-stats { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; max-width: 370px; margin: 8px 0 0; }
#research .research-stat { padding-top: 12px; }
#research .research-stat dd { font-size: 1.5rem; }
#research .research-directions { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin: 32px 0 64px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
#research .research-direction { padding: 24px 28px; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
#research .research-direction:last-child { border-right: 0; }
#research .research-direction-top { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; color: var(--accent); gap: 12px; }
#research .research-direction-top .ui-icon { width: 30px; height: 30px; }
#research .research-direction-count { font: .6875rem var(--font-mono); }
#research .research-direction h2 { margin: 20px 0 8px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 500; }
#research .research-direction p { font-size: .8125rem; line-height: 1.8; color: var(--muted); }
#research .research-featured { margin-top: 0; }
#research .research-featured-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 32px; }
#research .research-featured-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; padding: 0; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 2px solid var(--gold); background: var(--surface-strong); overflow: hidden; }
#research .research-featured-card:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
#research .research-featured-card.is-link:hover { background: var(--surface-strong); border-color: var(--accent); }
#research .research-visual { position: relative; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; }
#research .research-visual img { display: block; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 640 / 340; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 350ms ease; }
#research .research-visual figcaption { position: absolute; right: 12px; bottom: 10px; color: var(--accent); padding: 3px 7px; background: #f4f0e7e8; font-size: .625rem; }
#research .research-featured-card:hover .research-visual img { transform: scale(1.025); }
#research .research-featured-head { flex-direction: row; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; padding: 28px 32px 0; }
#research .research-featured-index { color: var(--accent); }
#research .research-featured-year { font-size: 1.8rem; }
#research .research-featured-body { padding: 28px 32px 32px; }
#research .research-featured-venue { min-height: 2.8em; font-size: .625rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); }
#research .research-featured-title { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.3vw, 2.2rem); margin-top: 8px; line-height: 1.22; }
#research .research-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-top: 20px; }
#research .research-tags span { color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid #263d7029; border-radius: 3px; padding: 4px 9px; font-size: .6875rem; line-height: 1.5; }
#research .research-summary-label { margin-top: 24px; font-size: .6875rem; color: var(--muted); }
#research .research-featured-summary { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.9; font-size: .9375rem; }
#research .research-featured-foot { flex-direction: row; align-items: center; gap: 20px; padding: 20px 28px; margin-top: auto; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
#research .research-featured-action, #research .research-arrow { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: var(--accent); font-size: .75rem; white-space: nowrap; }
#research .research-featured-action .ui-icon, #research .research-arrow .ui-icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; }
#research .research-year-group { grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; }
#research .research-row { grid-template-columns: 56px minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 24px; padding: 32px 0; }
#research .research-paper-mark { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 12px; color: var(--accent); }
#research .research-paper-mark > .ui-icon { box-sizing: content-box; width: 28px; height: 28px; padding: 13px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 50%; }
#research .research-title { max-width: none; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.6; }
#research .research-meta { margin-top: 10px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .6875rem; }
#research .research-archive-summary { max-width: 62ch; margin-top: 16px; font-size: .9375rem; line-height: 1.9; color: var(--muted); }
#research .research-row .research-tags { margin-top: 14px; }
#research .research-arrow { align-self: center; }

/* Blog index: illustration above, scalable browsing below. */
#writing [data-writing-index] > .page-intro { grid-template-columns: .9fr 1.1fr; gap: 0 48px; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 56px; }
#writing .writing-intro-copy { min-width: 0; }
#writing .writing-intro-copy > .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 24px; color: var(--accent); }
#writing .writing-intro-copy > .eyebrow::before { display: inline-block; width: 7px; height: 7px; margin-right: 12px; background: var(--accent); content: ""; }
#writing .writing-intro-copy > .page-title { font-size: clamp(4rem, 7.5vw, 7rem); }
#writing .writing-intro-copy > .page-description { max-width: 36ch; margin: 28px 0 0; }
#writing .writing-intro-art { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; width: 100%; max-width: 600px; margin: 0; justify-self: center; }
#writing .writing-featured { grid-template-columns: 205px minmax(0, 1fr); margin-top: 40px; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
#writing .writing-featured-head { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; min-height: 240px; padding: 26px 18px; grid-row: 1 / 3; background: #26364f; color: #e5d4aa; }
#writing .writing-featured-head::after { display: none; }
#writing .writing-volume-label, #writing .writing-volume-caption { font: .5625rem/1.7 var(--font-mono); letter-spacing: .15em; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; }
#writing .writing-volume-number { display: block; width: 100%; padding: 14px 0; border-block: 1px solid #e5d4aa55; font: italic 5rem/1 var(--font-editorial); text-align: center; }
#writing .writing-cover-art { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; }
#writing .writing-featured-body { padding: 28px 32px 20px; }
#writing .writing-title { font-size: 1.8rem; margin-top: 12px; }
#writing .writing-description { max-width: 60ch; font-size: .9375rem; margin-top: 12px; }
#writing .writing-action { padding: 0 32px 28px; }
#writing .writing-action-link { border: 0; padding: 0; min-height: 36px; gap: 16px; }
#writing .writing-action-link:hover { background: none; color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
#writing .writing-library { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 205px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 44px; margin-top: 56px; padding-top: 40px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
#writing .writing-directory { position: static; align-self: start; min-width: 0; }
#writing .writing-directory-heading { display: block; }
#writing .writing-total { margin-top: 16px; }
#writing .writing-total strong { font: 3.5rem/1 var(--font-editorial); color: var(--accent); margin-right: 8px; }
#writing .writing-directory-note { margin-top: 24px; font-size: .8125rem; line-height: 1.9; color: var(--muted); }
#writing .writing-filter-label { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 500; font-size: .75rem; }
#writing .writing-filter-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; max-height: 320px; overflow: auto; }
#writing .writing-filter { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 10px 8px; border: 0; min-width: 0; }
#writing .writing-filter > span:not(.writing-filter-count) { min-width: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; text-align: left; }
#writing .writing-filter .ui-icon { width: 17px; height: 17px; }
#writing .writing-filter-count { margin-left: auto; }
#writing .writing-filter.is-active { background: var(--accent-paper); }
#writing .writing-filter::before { display: none; }
#writing .writing-tools { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 28px; }
#writing .writing-search-wrap { display: flex; flex: 1 1 240px; align-items: center; gap: 10px; min-width: 0; border: 1px solid var(--line); padding-left: 14px; background: var(--surface-strong); }
#writing .writing-search-wrap:focus-within { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }
#writing .writing-search-wrap > .ui-icon { color: var(--accent); width: 18px; height: 18px; }
#writing .writing-search { width: 100%; min-width: 0; padding: 12px 10px 12px 0; margin: 0; border: 0; background: none; font-size: .875rem; outline: none; }
#writing .writing-sort { min-height: 46px; min-width: 128px; max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 0; background: var(--surface-strong); color: var(--ink); padding: 8px; font: .8125rem var(--font-heading); }
#writing .writing-view-controls { display: flex; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
#writing .writing-view-controls button { display: grid; place-items: center; min-width: 44px; height: 44px; padding: 8px; border: 0; background: none; color: var(--muted); cursor: pointer; }
#writing .writing-view-controls button[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--accent); color: var(--surface-strong); }
#writing .writing-catalogue-heading { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; padding-bottom: 24px; border: 0; }
#writing .writing-catalogue-heading h2 { font: 500 1.25rem var(--font-heading); }
#writing .writing-reset { display: block; margin: -8px 0 24px; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: transparent; color: var(--accent); font: .8125rem var(--font-heading); cursor: pointer; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="grid"] { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; border: 0; }
#writing .writing-item { min-width: 0; border: 0; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="grid"] .writing-item-row { position: relative; display: flex; height: 100%; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; padding: 0 24px 22px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--surface-strong); }
#writing .writing-item-row:hover { background: var(--surface-strong); border-color: var(--accent); }
#writing .writing-article-mark { position: relative; display: grid; place-items: center; align-self: start; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 24px 0 22px; width: 42px; height: 42px; background: transparent; border: 1px solid #9a753855; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden; color: var(--accent); }
#writing .writing-article-mark > .ui-icon { width: 21px; height: 21px; stroke-width: 1.5; }
#writing .writing-article-mark.has-cover > .ui-icon { display: none; }
#writing .writing-card-cover { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 350ms ease; }
#writing .writing-item-row:hover .writing-card-cover { transform: scale(1.03); }
#writing .writing-item-category { display: block; margin: 0 0 12px; color: var(--accent); font: .6875rem var(--font-mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
#writing .writing-item-info { min-width: 0; }
#writing .writing-item-title { margin: 0; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.55; }
#writing .writing-item-description { margin-top: 12px; font-size: .875rem; line-height: 1.8; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
#writing .writing-card-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 18px; margin-top: auto; padding-top: 24px; padding-right: 20px; color: var(--muted); font: .6875rem var(--font-mono); line-height: 1.6; }
#writing .writing-index { margin: 0; font: inherit; color: inherit; }
#writing .writing-duration { display: inline-flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; }
#writing .writing-duration .ui-icon { width: 13px; height: 13px; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="grid"] .writing-item-arrow { position: absolute; right: 20px; bottom: 22px; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] { display: block; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-item-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 64px minmax(0, 1fr) 24px; gap: 12px 20px; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-article-mark { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / 4; width: 64px; height: 64px; margin: 0; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-article-mark > .ui-icon { display: block; width: 28px; height: 28px; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-card-cover { display: none; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-item-category { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; margin: 0; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-item-info { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-card-meta { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 3; padding-top: 0; }
#writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-item-arrow { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 2; }
#writing .writing-more { min-height: 48px; margin-top: 28px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); color: var(--accent); padding: 12px 24px; }
#writing .writing-empty { padding: 40px 24px; border: 1px dashed var(--line-strong); font-size: .9375rem; line-height: 1.8; }
#writing [hidden], #research [hidden] { display: none !important; }

@media (max-width: 1050px) {
  #research .research-intro { column-gap: 24px; }
  #research .research-direction { padding: 20px; }
  #research .research-featured-grid { gap: 24px; }
  #research .research-row { grid-template-columns: 48px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  #research .research-arrow { grid-column: 2; }
  #writing .writing-library { grid-template-columns: 175px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; }
  #writing .writing-list[data-layout="grid"] { gap: 16px; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  #research .research-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  #research .research-intro > div { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  #research .research-intro-art { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
  #research .research-intro-art { max-width: 350px; }
  #research .research-stats { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; max-width: none; width: 100%; }
  #research .research-intro .page-title, #writing .writing-intro-copy > .page-title { font-size: clamp(3.25rem, 13vw, 5rem); }
  #research .research-directions { grid-template-columns: 1fr; margin: 24px 0 44px; }
  #research .research-direction { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 6px 14px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 18px; }
  #research .research-direction:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  #research .research-direction-top { display: contents; }
  #research .research-direction-top .ui-icon { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / 3; align-self: center; }
  #research .research-direction-count { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 3; }
  #research .research-direction h2 { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; margin: 0; font-size: 1rem; }
  #research .research-direction p { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
  #research .research-featured-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  #research .research-featured-head { padding: 20px 20px 0; }
  #research .research-featured-body { padding: 20px; }
  #research .research-featured-venue { min-height: 0; }
  #research .research-featured-title { margin-top: 12px; font-size: 1.8rem; }
  #research .research-featured-foot { padding: 18px 20px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  #research .research-year-group { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  #research .research-row { grid-template-columns: 36px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
  #research .research-paper-mark > .ui-icon { width: 22px; height: 22px; padding: 6px; }
  #research .research-title { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
  #writing [data-writing-index] > .page-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  #writing .writing-intro-art { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; margin-top: 28px; }
  #writing .writing-intro-art { max-width: 410px; }
  #writing .writing-featured { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  #writing .writing-featured-head { grid-row: auto; min-height: 0; flex-direction: row; gap: 20px; padding: 20px 24px; }
  #writing .writing-volume-number { width: auto; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 3rem; }
  #writing .writing-volume-label, #writing .writing-volume-caption { max-width: 11ch; text-align: left; }
  #writing .writing-cover-art { height: 180px; object-fit: cover; }
  #writing .writing-featured-body { padding: 24px; }
  #writing .writing-title { font-size: 1.5rem; }
  #writing .writing-action { grid-column: 1; padding: 0 24px 24px; }
  #writing .writing-library { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; margin-top: 40px; padding-top: 28px; }
  #writing .writing-directory-heading { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; }
  #writing .writing-directory-note { display: none; }
  #writing .writing-total { margin: 0; }
  #writing .writing-total strong { font-size: 2rem; }
  #writing .writing-filter-group { margin-top: 20px; }
  #writing .writing-filter-list { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; max-height: 200px; }
  #writing .writing-filter { border: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 8px 10px; }
  #writing .writing-tools { gap: 10px; padding-bottom: 24px; }
  #writing .writing-search-wrap { flex-basis: 100%; }
  #writing .writing-sort { flex: 1; }
  #writing .writing-list[data-layout="grid"] { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  #writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-item-row { grid-template-columns: 36px minmax(0, 1fr) 20px; gap: 12px; }
  #writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-article-mark { width: 36px; height: 36px; }
  #writing .writing-list[data-layout="list"] .writing-article-mark > .ui-icon { width: 22px; height: 22px; }
}

/* Illustrated personal chapters: generous artwork, compact correspondence. */
#about .page-intro, #contact .page-intro {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, .9fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 48px;
}
.route-view .illustrated-intro-copy { min-width: 0; }
.route-view .illustrated-intro-copy > .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 24px; color: var(--accent); }
.route-view .illustrated-intro-copy > .page-description { margin-top: 28px; }
.route-view .chapter-engraving { width: 100%; margin: 0; justify-self: center; }
.route-view .chapter-engraving img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
#about .chapter-engraving { max-width: 470px; }
#contact .chapter-engraving { max-width: 330px; }
#contact .page-intro { border-bottom: 0; }
#contact .contact-grid { margin-top: 28px; }
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  #about .page-intro, #contact .page-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  #about .chapter-engraving { max-width: 330px; }
  #contact .chapter-engraving { max-width: 230px; }
  .route-view .illustrated-intro-copy > .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .route-view .illustrated-intro-copy > .page-title { font-size: clamp(3.25rem, 13vw, 5rem); }
  .route-view .illustrated-intro-copy > .page-description { margin-top: 20px; }
  #contact .contact-grid { margin-top: 8px; }
}

/* Work pairs its architectural illustration with the introduction and career overview. */
#timeline .timeline-intro { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, .9fr); gap: 28px 56px; align-items: center; }
#timeline .timeline-intro > .page-intro { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; align-self: end; }
#timeline .timeline-summary { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; align-self: start; max-width: 440px; margin: 0; }
#timeline .work-intro-art { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / 3; width: 100%; max-width: 350px; margin: 0; justify-self: center; }
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  #timeline .timeline-intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  #timeline .work-intro-art { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; max-width: 250px; }
  #timeline .timeline-summary { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; max-width: none; width: 100%; }
}

/* Crop only the transparent canvas through layout; preserve the supplied artwork. */
#research .engraving-crop, #writing .engraving-crop, #timeline .engraving-crop { position: relative; width: 100%; overflow: hidden; }
#research .engraving-research { aspect-ratio: 1254 / 886; }
#research .engraving-research img { position: absolute; display: block; max-width: none; max-height: none; width: 100%; height: auto; left: 0; top: -21.896%; }
#timeline .engraving-work { aspect-ratio: 944 / 1234; }
#timeline .engraving-work img { position: absolute; display: block; max-width: none; max-height: none; width: 132.839%; height: auto; left: -23.305%; top: -1.135%; }
#writing .engraving-writing { aspect-ratio: 1243 / 885; mask-image: linear-gradient(#000 93%, transparent 100%); }
#writing .engraving-writing img { position: absolute; display: block; max-width: none; max-height: none; width: 100.885%; height: auto; left: -.402%; top: -1.921%; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  #research .research-visual img, #writing .writing-card-cover { transition: none; }
  #research .research-featured-card:hover .research-visual img, #writing .writing-item-row:hover .writing-card-cover { transform: none; }
}